Rectangulatus Triggerfish

Rectangulatus Triggerfish (Rhinecanthus rectangulus)

The Rectangulatus Triggerfish, also known as the wedgetail triggerfish, is commonly referred to by its Hawaiian name, humuhumunukunukuāpuaʻa, which means “triggerfish with a snout like a pig.” This species is native to the reefs of the Indo-Pacific and is the state fish of Hawaii. The reef triggerfish features blue teeth and a blue upper lip, with its teeth closely packed within its relatively plump mouth. A small second dorsal spine allows it to lock its main spine upright, providing protection when hiding in small crevices from predators. When threatened, it may emit grunting sounds, potentially to alert other triggerfish nearby. This species can expel jets of water from its mouth to uncover benthic invertebrates hidden beneath the substrate. It is often seen spitting sand as it sifts through material for edible detritus or organisms. Growing up to 30 centimeters (12 inches) in length, reef triggerfish are known for their aggressive nature and typically do not tolerate the presence of other individuals of their species, making them solitary by nature—especially in captivity. They can rapidly change their coloration, fading to a drab appearance when sleeping or feeling submissive, while displaying vibrant colors when healthy and unthreatened. Interestingly, they have been known to bite swimmers, particularly around the ankles, sometimes leaving marks.