Spot-Fin Spiny Puffer

Spot-Fin Spiny Puffer (Diodon hystrix)

The Spot-Fin Porcupinefish, also known as the Spotted Porcupinefish or Black-Spotted Porcupinefish, belongs to the family Diodontidae. The Spot-Fin Porcupinefish is a medium-sized species that can grow up to 91 cm (about 36 inches), though it is typically observed at around 40 cm (16 inches). It features an elongated body with a spherical head, prominent round eyes, and a large mouth that remains mostly open. Its pectoral fins are large, while the pelvic fins are absent. The anal and dorsal fins are situated close to the caudal peduncle and move in unison while swimming. The fish’s skin is smooth and firm, with scales modified into spines. Its coloration ranges from beige to sandy-yellow, marked with dark blotches and numerous small black spots. When threatened, the Spot-Fin Porcupinefish can inflate its body by swallowing water, increasing its size and raising its spines as a defense mechanism. Additionally, it accumulates tetrodotoxin in its liver, skin, gonads, and viscera, further deterring potential predators. The Spot-Fin Porcupinefish is found globally in tropical and subtropical waters. It has been recorded occasionally in the Mediterranean Sea, off southern Italy and the Balearic Islands. Juveniles are pelagic until reaching approximately 20 cm (8 inches) in length, while adults prefer lagoons, reef tops, and seaward coral or rocky reefs at depths ranging from 1 to 50 meters. They typically seek shelter under ledges or in caves during the day. The diet of the Spot-Fin Porcupinefish primarily consists of sea urchins, gastropods, clams, and crustaceans. This species is solitary except during mating periods. It is predominantly nocturnal, with peak activity occurring at dusk and dawn.